{"id":263,"date":"2015-12-19T15:53:32","date_gmt":"2015-12-19T20:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/?p=263"},"modified":"2015-12-30T16:38:59","modified_gmt":"2015-12-30T21:38:59","slug":"the-world-according-to-the-donald","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/the-world-according-to-the-donald\/","title":{"rendered":"The World According to the Donald"},"content":{"rendered":"<body><p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Would I approve waterboarding? You bet your ass I would\u2014in a heartbeat. And I would approve more than that. Don\u2019t kid yourself, folks. It works, okay? It works. Only a stupid person would say it doesn\u2019t work. . . . Believe me, it works. And you know what? If it doesn\u2019t work, they deserve it anyway, for what they\u2019re doing.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The corporate media find Donald Trump to be by far the most newsworthy candidate of the 2016 presidential campaign. <a href=\"http:\/\/static.politico.com\/eb\/1b\/18614d7d4adcabcd5d7437208668\/tyndall.pdf\">According to the Tyndall Report<\/a>, as of November 30, he accounted for more than a quarter of the campaign coverage on the nightly ABC, CBS and NBC newscasts, more than the all the Democrats combined. Both the <i>New York Times<\/i> and the <i>Washington Post<\/i> have made preliminary attempts to describe his rhetoric.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/12\/06\/us\/politics\/95000-words-many-of-them-ominous-from-donald-trumps-tongue.html?login=email&amp;_r=0&amp;mtrref=query.nytimes.com\">Patrick Healy and Maggie Haberman of the <i>Times<\/i><\/a> \u201canalyzed every public utterance by Mr. Trump over the past week from rallies, speeches, interviews and news conferences\u201d\u201495,000 words, we are told. Four days later, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/its-not-chaos-its-trumps-campaign-strategy\/2015\/12\/09\/9005a5be-9d68-11e5-8728-1af6af208198_story.html\">Paul Schwartzman and Jenna Johnson of the <i>Post<\/i><\/a> did a \u201creview of the businessman\u2019s speeches, interviews and thousands of tweets and retweets over the past six months.\u201d The <i>Times<\/i> article focuses more on the content of the speeches while the <i>Post<\/i> identifies what they call campaign strategy. Unfortunately, neither article describes the process by which the analyses were done or provides any meaningful data. I assume they simply read the speeches and recorded their impressions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/12\/06\/us\/politics\/95000-words-many-of-them-ominous-from-donald-trumps-tongue.html?login=email&amp;_r=0&amp;mtrref=query.nytimes.com\">According to the <i>Times<\/i><\/a>, Trumps\u2019s speeches are characterized by \u201cconstant repetition of divisive phrases, harsh words and violent imagery.\u201d They identify\u00a0\u00a0several overlapping themes.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"604\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LznMz3YC5Vk%20?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;fs=1&amp;hl=en-US&amp;autohide=2&amp;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Us vs. them<\/b>. Trump takes advantage of the human tendency to categorize people into <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ingroups_and_outgroups\">ingroups and outgroups<\/a>, and to show ingroup favoritism, but he carries this to an extreme by characterizing the outgroup as inherently evil. In this exchange with a 12-year-old girl, he describes terrorists as \u201canimals,\u201d then makes a promise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>You know what, darling? You\u2019re not going to be scared any more. They\u2019re going to be scared. . . .We never went after them. We never did anything. We have to attack much stronger. . . . We have to be much smarter, or it\u2019s never, ever going to end.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Trump identifies the grievances of his audience, and attributes these problems to disliked groups, as when economic problems are blamed on Mexican immigrants. According to the<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scapegoating\">scapegoat theory<\/a> of prejudice<\/em>, prejudice, discrimination and violence toward minority groups increase during times of economic hardship.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ad hominem attacks<\/b>. Trump frequently attacks the person rather than his or her ideas. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rasmussenreports.com\/public_content\/political_commentary\/commentary_by_ted_rall\/in_defense_of_donald_trump_s_namecalling\">As Ted Rall points out<\/a>, we have Trump to thank for introducing the word \u201cstupid\u201d into campaign discourse. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/12\/06\/us\/politics\/95000-words-many-of-them-ominous-from-donald-trumps-tongue.html?login=email&amp;_r=0&amp;mtrref=query.nytimes.com\">According to the <i>Times<\/i><\/a>, he used the word \u201cat least 30 times.\u201d (Unfortunately, this number is meaningless without something to compare it to. How often do other candidates use such negative descriptors?) Other favorite adjectives are \u201chorrible\u201d (14 times) and \u201cweak\u201d (13 times). No target is out of bounds, including <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/videos\/tv\/2015\/11\/26\/donald-trump-mocks-reporter-with-disability-berman-sot-ac.cnn\">mocking a reporter with a disability<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Violent imagery<\/b>. ISIS is described as \u201cchopping off heads,\u201d and Trump is going to \u201cbomb the hell out of\u201d our enemies. \u201cAttack\u201d is a favorite word. At one rally, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/11\/22\/politics\/donald-trump-black-lives-matter-protester-confrontation\/\">Trump appeared to endorse<\/a> the roughing up of a \u201cBlack lives matter\u201d protester in the audience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Creating mistrust. <\/b>Trump tries to create suspicion about scientific facts and other data provided by the government and the news media. His audience is told that \u201cnobody knows\u201d the number of illegal immigrants or the rate of increase of health care premiums, when in fact reasonably accurate estimates are available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ingratiation. <\/b>If you\u2019ve seen films of Adolf Hitler, or American demogogues such as Joseph McCarthy and George Wallace, you known that they are not attractive or charismatic speakers. Trump, however, is a practiced entertainer. He is relaxed and informal (a favorite word is \u201cguy\u201d). He <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/12\/09\/459026270\/attendees-at-trump-events-believe-he-s-the-man-to-fix-things\">flatters his audience<\/a>. While other candidates\u00a0are stupid, he claims that no one is smarter than the American voter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/its-not-chaos-its-trumps-campaign-strategy\/2015\/12\/09\/9005a5be-9d68-11e5-8728-1af6af208198_story.html\">The <i>Post<\/i> adds two comments<\/a> about Trump\u2019s campaign strategy.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Message testing.<\/b> Trump takes an experimental approach to constructing his stump speech. He tries out various lines, using audience response as the criterion of success. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/its-not-chaos-its-trumps-campaign-strategy\/2015\/12\/09\/9005a5be-9d68-11e5-8728-1af6af208198_story.html\">The article describes<\/a> a joke about Bernie Sanders\u2019 hernia operation that was tested, revised, tested again and eventually abandoned when it did not get laughs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Consistent presentation<\/b>. Trump repeats the same words and lines in almost every speech. Of course, all candidates have a standard stump speech. The difference may be that Trump appears to be ad libbing, but is not.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I found two other reports which compare Trump\u2019s rhetoric to that of other candidates.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/news\/politics\/2015\/10\/20\/donald-trump-and-ben-carson-speak-grade-school-level-that-today-voters-can-quickly-grasp\/LUCBY6uwQAxiLvvXbVTSUN\/story.html\">Matt Viser of the <i>Boston Globe<\/i><\/a> transcribed all the speeches in which the candidates announced they were running for the presidency, and analyzed them with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flesch%E2%80%93Kincaid_readability_tests\">Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test<\/a>. The test uses word and sentence length to determine how difficult a passage is to understand. The results are expressed as a grade level. Trump\u2019s speech was the simplest. It could be comprehended by a fourth grader. One hypothesis is that candidates try to match the educational level of the audience they are hoping to influence.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"264\" data-permalink=\"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/the-world-according-to-the-donald\/21language_graphic_web-1547\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/21language_graphic_WEB-1547.jpg?fit=460%2C758\" data-orig-size=\"460,758\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"21language_graphic_WEB-1547\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/21language_graphic_WEB-1547.jpg?fit=460%2C758\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-264\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/21language_graphic_WEB-1547.jpg?resize=460%2C758\" alt=\"21language_graphic_WEB-1547\" width=\"460\" height=\"758\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/21language_graphic_WEB-1547.jpg?w=460 460w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/21language_graphic_WEB-1547.jpg?resize=182%2C300 182w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/12\/13\/opinion\/campaign-stops\/all-politicians-lie-some-lie-more-than-others.html\">Angie Drobnic Holan, the editor of PoliFact<\/a>, a political fact checking website, published an analysis of the ratings of all the statements by 2016 candidates that she has fact-checked since 2007. Trump scores second only to Ben Carson in dishonesty. Of 70 Trump statements, 76% have been found to be false, mostly false, or \u201cpants on fire\u201d\u2014reserved for the worst lies. There seems to be a relationship between honesty and party affiliation.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"266\" data-permalink=\"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/the-world-according-to-the-donald\/2015-12-12_11-39-52\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/2015-12-12_11-39-52.jpg?fit=630%2C707\" data-orig-size=\"630,707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"2015-12-12_11-39-52\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/2015-12-12_11-39-52.jpg?fit=604%2C678\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-266\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/2015-12-12_11-39-52.jpg?resize=604%2C678\" alt=\"2015-12-12_11-39-52\" width=\"604\" height=\"678\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/2015-12-12_11-39-52.jpg?w=630 630w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/2015-12-12_11-39-52.jpg?resize=267%2C300 267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/article\/2013\/nov\/01\/principles-politifact-punditfact-and-truth-o-meter\/\">PoliFact describes the process<\/a> by which statements are selected and analyzed. There are two possible sources of bias in these data. They do\u00a0not analyze a random selection of candidate statements. Maybe front-runners or people who are disliked by reporters are subjected to greater scrutiny. And since the content of these statements varies, there is no uniform method of deciding whether a statement is true or false.<\/p>\n<p>To my knowledge, no one\u00a0has done a scientific <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Content_analysis\">content analysis<\/a> of Trump\u2019s rhetoric. Such an analysis would require selecting a random sample of statements to be analyzed, operationally defining the speech categories to be counted, and comparing Trump\u2019s totals to those of other candidates. Unfortunately, the time and effort required to do such an analysis makes it unlikely that it will be done until after the campaign is over.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You may also be interested in reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/trumping-bernie\/\">Trumping Bernie<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/bullshit\/\">Bullshit<\/a><\/p>\n<\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Would I approve waterboarding? You bet your ass I would\u2014in a heartbeat. And I would approve more than that. Don\u2019t kid yourself, folks. It works, okay? It works. Only a stupid person would say it doesn\u2019t work. . . . Believe me, it works. And you know what? If it doesn\u2019t work, they deserve it &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/the-world-according-to-the-donald\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The World According to the Donald<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10],"tags":[57,4],"class_list":["post-263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics","tag-donald-trump","tag-presidential-campaign"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6FkJj-4f","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269,"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263\/revisions\/269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/l-stires.com\/thinking-slowly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}